Radioprotective effect of the extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Anacardium occidentale on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata subjected to ionizing radiation
Keywords:
Biomphaliaria glabrata, Embryotoxicity, RadioprotectionAbstract
The electromagnetic radiation is energy that can be classified as ionizing and non-ionizing. This type of energy is propagated through a material medium and the vacuum. Ionizing radiations are responsible for harmful effects to living organisms at the molecular level, where the damage occurs mainly in the molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA. Given these harmful effects caused by radiation highlights the importance of acquiring knowledge about radioprotective substances because they act protecting living tissue, reducing the damage caused to it by the effects of radiation. In this paper we investigate the radioprotective effect of aqueous extracts of Ziziphus joazeiro (jujube) and Anacardium occidentale (cashew tree) front of embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata. We used embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata-pigmented, divided into groups of approximately 100 specimens. Embryos of experimental groups were exposed to the extract at a concentration of 200 ppm and subsequently irradiated. For irradiation, we used a 60Co source (Gammacell of Radionics Labs. 4.359 X = Gy/h). The viability of the embryos was analyzed using a stereoscopic microscope and statistical analysis was used to test Student-Newman-Keuls and χ2 (chi-square) test. Our results showed that the hydroalcoholic leaf Ziziphus joazeiro showed radioprotective effect and that the aqueous extract from the bark of Anacardium occidentale exhibited a reduction in its embryotoxic effect.References
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25. Silva TCC, Almeida CCBR, Veras Filho J, Peixoto Sobrinho TJS, Amorim ELC, Costa EP, Araújo JM. Atividades antioxidante e antimicrobian de Ziziphus joazeiro mart. (Rhamnaceae): avaliação comparative entre cascas e folhas. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica e Aplicada. 2011; 32(2):193-199.
26. Kamath V, Rajini PS. The effcacy of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) skin extract as a free radical scavenger. Food Chemistry. 2007; 103:428-433.
27. Haslam E. Natural polyphenols (vegetable tannins) as drugs: possible modes of action. Journal Natural Products. 1996; 59(2):205-215.
28. Ikawa M, Schaper TD, Dollard CA, Sasner JJ. Utilization of Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent for the detection of certain nitrogen compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemisty. 2003; 51(7):1811-1815.
29. Naczk, M, Shahidi F. Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A. 2004; 1054(1-2):95-111.
30. Chaves MH, Citó AMGL, Lopes JAD, Costa DA, Oliveira CAA, Costa AF, Júnior FEMB. Fenóis totais, atividade antioxidante e constituintes químicos de extratos de Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy. 2010; 20(1):106-112.
31. Sousa CMM, Silva HR, Vieira-jr GM, Ayres MCC, Costa CLS, Araújo DS, Cavalcante LC D, Barros EDS, Araújo PBM, Brandão MS, Chaves MH. Fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante de cinco plantas medicinais. Química Nova. 2007; 30:351-355.
32. Jung MJ, Heo S, wang M.-H. Free radical scavenging and total phenolic contents from methanolic extracts of Ulmus davidiana. Food Chemistry. 2008; 108:482-487.
33. Kubo I, Komatzu S, Ochim M. Molluscicides from the cashew Anacardium occidentale and their large-scale isolation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemisty. 1986; 34:970-973.
2. Tauhata L, Almeida ES. Radiações nucleares: usos e cuidados, Rio de Janeiro: Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear; c1984 b. 25 p.
3. Okuno E. Radiações: efeitos, riscos e benefícios, São Paulo: HARBRA; c1988. 81 p.
4. Bitelli T. Física e dosimetria das radiações, São Paulo: Atheneu; c2006. 442 p.
5. Dowd SB, Tilson ER. Practical radiation protection and applied radiobiology, Philadelphia: Saunders Company, c1999.
6. Gerschman R, Gilbert DL, Nye SW, Dwyer P, Fenn WO. Oxygen poisoning and x-irradiation: A mechanism in common. Science. 1954; 119:623–626.
7. Mitchell JB, Russo A, Kuppusamy P, Krishna MC. Radiation, radicals and images. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000; 899:28-43.
8. Moraes IR, Gelli DS, Jakabi M, Mastro NLD. Study about the sensibility in vitro of different strains of Vibrio Cholerae 01 exposed to 60Co gamma radiation. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science. 1998; 35(6):239-242.
9. Costa RFB, Fagundes DJ. Modelos experimentais de hiperplasia intimal: Efeitos da radiação ionizante. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira. 2002; 17(3):189-193.
10. Chaty S, Rodius F, Vasseur PA. A comparative study of the expression of CYP1A and CYP4 genes in aquatic invertebrate (fresh mussel, Unio tumidus) and vertebrate (Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology. 2004; 69(1):81-94.
11. Frantsevich LI, Pan’kov IV, Ermakov AA, Kornyushin AV, Zakharchuk TN. Molluscs indicator of environmental pollution by radionuclides. Russian Journal of Ecology. 1995; 26(1):47-52.
12. Okazaki K, kawano T. Morphogenetic and cytogenetic effects of Co60 Gamma radiation on Biomphalaria glabrata embryos (SAY, 1989). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 1989; 84:251.
13. Melo AMMA, Okazaki K, Kawano T. Study of 60Co gamma radiation on Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) embryos. Journal of Medical and Applied Malacology. 1996; 8:140-141.
14. Cantinha RS, Nakano E, Borrely S, Amaral AJ, Silva LRS, Melo AMMA. Effects of High dose rate gamma radiation on survival and reproduction of Biomphalaria glabrata. International Journal of Low Radiation. 2010; 4:245-251.
15. Amâncio FF. Ação da radiação ionizante sobre hemácias humanas e suas proteínas de membrana [Tese]. [São Paulo]: Universidade de São Paulo; 1998. 58 p.
16. Fernandes TS. Emprego das aberrações cromossômicas instáveis e micronúcleos no biomonitoramento individual: estudo comparativo [Dissertação]. [Pernambuco]: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 2005. 69 p.
17. Okazaki K, Andrade HF, Kawano T. Effect of 60Co gamma radiation on Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca, Gastropoda) embryos: mortality, malformation and hatching. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 1996; 29:1057-1067.
18. Tung-kwang L, O'brien KF, Wang W, Johnke RM, Sheng C, Benhabib SM, Wang T, Allison RR. Radioprotective Effect of American Ginseng on Human Lymphocytes at 90 Minutes Postirradiation: A Study of 40 Cases. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2010; 16(5):561-567.
19. Rajagopalan R, Wani K, Huilgol NG, Kagiya TV, Nair CK. Inhibition of gamma-radiation induced DNA damage in plasmid pBR322 by TMG, a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E. Journal of Radiation Research. 2002; 43:153–159.
20. Weiss JF, Landauer MR. Radioprotection by antioxidants. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000; 899:44-60.
21. Kubo I, Masuoka N, Ha TJ, Tsujimoto K. Antioxidant activity of anacardic acids. Food Chemistry. 2006; 99(3):555-562.
22. Araújo EL. Aspectos da dinâmica populacional de duas espécies em floresta tropical seca (caatiga), Nordeste do Brasil [Tese]. [São Paulo]: Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 1998. 78 p.
23. Leite JP, Rastrelli L, Romussi G. Isolation and HPLC quantitative analysis of flavonoid glycosides from Braizilian beverages (Maytenus ilicifolia and Maytenus aquifolium). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2001; 49(8):3796-3801.
24. Alviano WS, Alviano DS, Diniz CG, Antoniolli AR, Alviano CS, Farias LM, Carvalho MAR, Souza MMG, Bolognese AM. In vitro antioxidant potential of medicinal plant extracts and their activities against oral bacteria based on Brazilian folk medicine. Archives of Oral Biology. 2008; 53(6):545-552.
25. Silva TCC, Almeida CCBR, Veras Filho J, Peixoto Sobrinho TJS, Amorim ELC, Costa EP, Araújo JM. Atividades antioxidante e antimicrobian de Ziziphus joazeiro mart. (Rhamnaceae): avaliação comparative entre cascas e folhas. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica e Aplicada. 2011; 32(2):193-199.
26. Kamath V, Rajini PS. The effcacy of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) skin extract as a free radical scavenger. Food Chemistry. 2007; 103:428-433.
27. Haslam E. Natural polyphenols (vegetable tannins) as drugs: possible modes of action. Journal Natural Products. 1996; 59(2):205-215.
28. Ikawa M, Schaper TD, Dollard CA, Sasner JJ. Utilization of Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent for the detection of certain nitrogen compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemisty. 2003; 51(7):1811-1815.
29. Naczk, M, Shahidi F. Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A. 2004; 1054(1-2):95-111.
30. Chaves MH, Citó AMGL, Lopes JAD, Costa DA, Oliveira CAA, Costa AF, Júnior FEMB. Fenóis totais, atividade antioxidante e constituintes químicos de extratos de Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy. 2010; 20(1):106-112.
31. Sousa CMM, Silva HR, Vieira-jr GM, Ayres MCC, Costa CLS, Araújo DS, Cavalcante LC D, Barros EDS, Araújo PBM, Brandão MS, Chaves MH. Fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante de cinco plantas medicinais. Química Nova. 2007; 30:351-355.
32. Jung MJ, Heo S, wang M.-H. Free radical scavenging and total phenolic contents from methanolic extracts of Ulmus davidiana. Food Chemistry. 2008; 108:482-487.
33. Kubo I, Komatzu S, Ochim M. Molluscicides from the cashew Anacardium occidentale and their large-scale isolation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemisty. 1986; 34:970-973.
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Published
2014-09-27
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Siqueira, W. N., Silva, L. R. S., Santos, M. L. de O., Santos, F. T. J., Silva, H. A. M. F., Lacerda, L. B. N., … Melo, A. M. M. de A. (2014). Radioprotective effect of the extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Anacardium occidentale on embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata subjected to ionizing radiation. Scientia Plena, 10(9). Retrieved from https://scientiaplena.org.br/sp/article/view/1969
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